राज्यसेवा मुख्य परीक्षा २०१६ - मराठी व इंग्रजी

Read the following passage carefully and answer the question number 96 to 100 given below it :
         Man's behaviour is influenced by two forces; heredity and environment. The biological or psychological characteristics which are transmitted by the parents to their offsprings are known by the name of heredity. Heredity is, in other words, a biological process of transmission of certain traits of behaviour of the parents to their children, by means of the fertilized egg. In the nuclei of these parent cells are certain hair like substances called 'chromosomes'. The chromosomes contain chemical substances called genes. These basic substances, chromosomes and genes determine characteristic of the individual. And this is what constitutes heredity. The essential characteristic inherited by all human beings are physical structure, reflexes, innate drives, intelligence, and temperament. There are some biologists who claim that the difference in the traits or qualities of individuals or groups are due to the difference in their heredity. They are duly supported by some psychologists and sociologists in their assertion, that like begets like.
         But there are others who explain that the variations of human beings and the societies are due to differences in environment. Thus a great controversy has been going since long about the relative importance of heredity and environment in determining the behaviour of individuals and groups. Though arguments have been advanced by the supporters of both heredity and environment, no exact conclusions with regard to the relative importance of the two factors have been drawn, nor is it possible either to determine the relative values of both.
          Modern biology has long insisted that we are what our parents and grand parents have made us, that heredity counts far more than social opportunity. Not only is it impossible for a man to change his skin, but also he cannot change his outlook, his mode of thinking or behaviour because these too are hereditary. Others, on the other hand, belittle the importance of heredity.